During the Cold War, Finland adopted an official policy of neutrality. After World War II, it rapidly industrialized and developed an advanced economy, while building an extensive welfare state based on the Nordic model the country soon enjoyed widespread prosperity and a high per capita income. It subsequently lost parts of its territory, but maintained its independence.įinland largely remained an agrarian country until the 1950s. During World War II, Finland fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by the Finnish Civil War. After the 1917 Russian Revolution, Finland declared independence from Russia. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland became part of the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, during which Finnish art flourished and the idea of independence began to take hold. From the late 13th century, Finland became a part of Sweden as a consequence of the Northern Crusades. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterized by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. The Stone Age introduced several different ceramic styles and cultures. įinland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. Finland covers an area of 338,455 square kilometres (130,678 sq mi) with a population of 5.6 million. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, across from Estonia. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.įinland ( Finnish: Suomi ( listen) Swedish: Finland ( listen)), officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland ( listen to all)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
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